peptide
Copper-binding tripeptide that activates TGF-β1 and upregulates collagen/elastin/glycosaminoglycan synthesis while modulating MMP activity; promotes wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects.
GHK-Cu Copper Peptide is a peptide backed by a moderate body of supporting evidence (evidence tier 2 of 4). We track 2 studies for it, 2 reporting a positive effect. It is typically effective at 0.05–1% in a formulation.
BioMed Research International · 2015 · systematic review
Review of GHK-Cu gene expression data: the tripeptide modulates 4,000+ human genes including upregulation of collagen I/III/IV, TGF-β, VEGF, and decorin, and downregulation of MMP-2/MMP-9 and inflammatory cytokines; clinical evidence remains limited to small industry-funded trials
Journal of Aging Science · 2016 · rct · n=40
Combined in vitro and clinical study of GHK-Cu: it modulated MMP/TIMP expression and increased collagen and elastin production in vitro, and a GHK-Cu nanocarrier serum reduced facial wrinkle volume and depth more than a control serum and a commercial Matrixyl 3000 product.
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Educational information, not medical advice. Study findings summarise the cited research and may not reflect every formulation.