Ceramides

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2002 · rct · n=24

RCT in pediatric AD (n=24, ages 2-9): ceramide-dominant barrier repair lipid applied for 12 weeks significantly improved SCORAD scores (p<0.01), reduced TEWL, and normalized stratum corneum lamellar structure on electron microscopy; parents reported reduced pruritus and sleep disturbance

Dermatologic Therapy · 2021 · rct

Randomized controlled trial (4 weeks): MODERN adult eczema RCT demonstrating TEWL and hydration improvement with ceramide dominant moisturizer plus cleanser vs placebo; patient satisfaction significantly higher for itch dryness softness smoothness; complements pediatric evidence base with adult data.

Acta Dermato-Venereologica · 1998 · observational · n=38

Lipid analysis of 47 atopic dermatitis patients vs 20 controls: ceramide 1 and ceramide 3 were significantly reduced and cholesterol raised in AD skin, lowering the ceramide/cholesterol ratio; ceramide 3 reduction correlated with TEWL impairment and non-lesional skin showed intermediate values, linking ceramide deficiency to barrier dysfunction.

Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 1991 · observational · n=42

Landmark study establishing ceramide deficiency as an etiologic factor in atopic dermatitis: stratum corneum ceramide levels were significantly reduced in AD lesional skin (p<0.001) and correlated with increased TEWL; first direct evidence linking ceramide depletion to barrier dysfunction in AD

Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology · 2011 · observational · n=59

Clinical study (n=59, 3 weeks): Pediatric subgroup analysis; 58% achieved Investigator Global Assessment clear or almost clear at 3 weeks; supports pediatric efficacy.

Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2022 · in vitro

In-vitro/mechanistic study: Establishes ceramide profile as biomarker for AD disease activity and remission.