International Journal of Cosmetic Science · 2023 · observational · n=30
In 30 healthy women, forearm-applied formulations containing 5% butylene glycol with 1,3-propanediol increased skin hydration (capacitance) and improved barrier function over 8 hours. However, adding glycerol to 1,3-propanediol reduced TEWL more than the butylene glycol combination, which performed less strongly.



















